Why does music calm people with dementia so much?
I've noticed that when I play the old songs my dad used to like, he becomes calmer and even sings some verses, even though he can no longer hold a conversation. Why does this happen?
It's not a coincidence or a miracle: music activates areas of the brain – linked to emotion and procedural memory – which are among the last to be affected by dementia. This is why a person who no longer recognises their children can sometimes sing an entire song from their youth.
Why it works when words fail
Verbal communication depends on brain areas very vulnerable to the disease, but the response to music is distributed across various regions, including deep emotional zones. About 93% of communication between people is non-verbal – tone of voice, rhythm, expression – and music fits exactly into this channel that remains accessible, even in advanced stages.
How to use music in daily life
- Early stage: listen to full albums, go to quiet concerts, play an instrument if the person used to play.
- Moderate stage: create a playlist with songs from their youth (between 15 and 25 years old is usually the period with the most striking memories), sing together, dance slowly hand in hand.
- Advanced stage: soft and predictable music, without complex lyrics, associated with moments of touch (holding hands, massaging) and the calm voice of the carer.
When and how to apply
Music is especially useful in three moments: to calm an agitated phase, to create a bridge of communication when words are no longer enough, and to make difficult tasks like bathing or meals smoother. Try playing the favourite playlist 10 minutes before a task that usually generates resistance – often it lowers the tension before it even begins.
"My mum hasn't spoken in full sentences for over a year, but when she hears Amália, she sings the whole lyric, from beginning to end. It's the only moment I feel she's still there, whole."
What NOT to do
- Do not choose music at random – use the person's actual preferences, not yours.
- Do not play music too loudly or with multiple sound sources at the same time (television and radio together, for example), as this can cause sensory overload.
- Do not force the person to actively 'participate' if they prefer to just listen and be present.
- Do not give up if there is no immediate reaction – the response to music can vary from day to day.